Some grid regions pay power plants for being available, while others rely on energy prices alone. Here is how the two designs work and the trade-offs...
The North American Electric Reliability Corporation develops and enforces mandatory standards for the bulk power system. Here is how it came to be and what it...
North America's grid runs at 60 hertz, and keeping it there every second is the core job of grid operators. Here is what frequency tells us...
A reserve margin is the cushion of extra capacity above expected peak demand. Here is how planners calculate it and why fast load growth puts pressure...
An uninterruptible power supply keeps servers running in the brief gap before backup generators take over. Here is how UPS designs work and why AI loads...
PUE is the most widely cited data center efficiency metric. Here is how it is calculated, what a good number looks like in general terms, and...
Across much of the country, independent grid operators dispatch power plants and run wholesale markets. Here is what ISOs and RTOs are and how they differ...
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission oversees interstate transmission and wholesale electricity markets. Here is what it does, what it does not do, and why its decisions...
Regulated utilities cannot simply set their own prices. They file rate cases with state regulators, who decide what costs customers pay. Here is how the process...
Nuclear plants supply a large share of carbon-free electricity in the United States. Here is how a pressurized or boiling water reactor turns fission into round-the-clock...
Small modular reactors promise factory-built nuclear power in smaller units. Here is what the term means, which design ideas are involved, and what questions remain open.
Gas turbines are workhorses of the modern grid. Here is how a simple-cycle unit differs from a combined-cycle plant, and why each shows up in data...
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